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First Aid - Useful for Diwali

What are burns?

  • Injuries due to improper handling of crackers.
  • Common heat injuries due to fire, hot liquids, steam
  • Burns due to extreme heat through skin contact
  • Severe burns affect muscles, fat and bones
  • Older people/ children - particularly vulnerable
Categories of burns
  • First, second and third degree
  • Categorization depends on severity of tissue damage
  • Check extent of burn before deciding self treatment
  • Seek help if burn is over a couple of inches in diameter, or
  • If it involves large sections of the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, or a major joint
First-degree burns
  • Injuries are superficial / mild
  • Swelling& redness of the injured area
  • Pain develops
  • No blisters seen
  • Burned area becomes white on touch
  • Takes 3-6 days to heal
Treatment
  • Remove patient from heat source
  • Remove the burnt clothing
  • Run cool water over burnt area
  • Gently clean the injured area
  • Gently dry
  • Apply anti biotic such as Silver Sulphadiazine
  • Use a sterile bandage to cover burns
  • Take tetanus vaccination, if required
Second-degree burns
  • Burns extends to middle skin layer, dermis
  • Swelling, redness and pain observed
  • Burnt area may turn white on touch
  • Blisters develop, that ooze a clear fluid
  • Scars may develop
  • Restricts movement, if injury occurs at joint
  • Dehydration may occur
  • Healing time varies, depends on extent of injury
Treatment
  • Clean the affected area thoroughly
  • Gently dry
  • Apply antibiotic cream over affected area
  • Make the patient lie down
  • Keep burnt body part at a raised level
  • Skin graft may be required
  • Physical therapy may be essential to aid mobility
  • Splints may be used to rest affected joints
  • Hospitalization is essential
Third-degree burns
  • Damage occurs to all 3 skin layers
  • Destroys adjacent hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings
  • Lack of pain due to destroyed nerves
  • Injured area does not turn white on touch
  • No blisters observed
  • Swelling occurs
  • Skin develops leathery texture
  • Discoloration of skin observed
  • Scars develop
  • Crusty surfaces (Eschars) develop-impairs circulation
  • Dehydration occurs resulting in shock
  • Symptoms may worsen with time
  • Disfigurement may result
  • Healing depends on extent of injury
  • 90% body surface injury results in death
  • 60% injury in elderly, fatal
Treatment
  • Requires immediate hospital care
  • Dehydration treated through intravenous fluid supply
  • Oxygen is administered
  • Eschars are surgically opened
  • Periodically run clean cool water over burns
  • Nutritious diet helps to heal quickly
  • Regular monitoring essential
  • Mental Depression treated by anti-depressants
Prevention
  • Install smoke alarm in your home
  • Employ 'children friendly' safety measures at home
  • Avoid synthetic clothing while cooking
  • Carry out fire drills at home and work place

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